A testicular biopsy is a procedure in which a small sample of testicular tissue is collected for medical evaluation. In fertility care, it may be considered when doctors need to assess sperm production or investigate certain causes of male infertility. In selected situations, sperm identified during the procedure may also be considered for use in assisted reproductive treatment. The decision to perform a testicular biopsy depends on the individual’s medical history, examination and fertility evaluation. Understanding why the procedure may be recommended and how it relates to fertility treatme